"spirgts" meaning in All languages combined

See spirgts on Wiktionary

Adjective [Latvian]

IPA: [spīɾkts]
Etymology: Originally the past passive participle of spirgt (“to become fresh, lively”) (q.v.). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sperg-. Etymology templates: {{der|lv|ine-pro|*sperg-}} Proto-Indo-European *sperg- Head templates: {{head|lv|adjective|||definite|spirgtais|comparative|spirgtāks|superlative|visspirgtākais|adverb|spirgti|cat2=|cat3=|head=}} spirgts (definite spirgtais, comparative spirgtāks, superlative visspirgtākais, adverb spirgti), {{lv-adj|spirgt}} spirgts (definite spirgtais, comparative spirgtāks, superlative visspirgtākais, adverb spirgti) Forms: spirgtais [definite], spirgtāks [comparative], visspirgtākais [superlative], spirgti [adverb], no-table-tags [table-tags], spirgts [masculine, nominative, singular], spirgti [masculine, nominative, plural], spirgta [feminine, nominative, singular], spirgtas [feminine, nominative, plural], spirgta [genitive, masculine, singular], spirgtu [genitive, masculine, plural], spirgtas [feminine, genitive, singular], spirgtu [feminine, genitive, plural], spirgtam [dative, masculine, singular], spirgtiem [dative, masculine, plural], spirgtai [dative, feminine, singular], spirgtām [dative, feminine, plural], spirgtu [accusative, masculine, singular], spirgtus [accusative, masculine, plural], spirgtu [accusative, feminine, singular], spirgtas [accusative, feminine, plural], spirgtu [instrumental, masculine, singular], spirgtiem [instrumental, masculine, plural], spirgtu [feminine, instrumental, singular], spirgtām [feminine, instrumental, plural], spirgtā [locative, masculine, singular], spirgtos [locative, masculine, plural], spirgtā [feminine, locative, singular], spirgtās [feminine, locative, plural], - [masculine, singular, vocative], - [masculine, plural, vocative], - [feminine, singular, vocative], - [feminine, plural, vocative], no-table-tags [table-tags], spirgtais [masculine, nominative, singular], spirgtie [masculine, nominative, plural], spirgtā [feminine, nominative, singular], spirgtās [feminine, nominative, plural], spirgtā [genitive, masculine, singular], spirgto [genitive, masculine, plural], spirgtās [feminine, genitive, singular], spirgto [feminine, genitive, plural], spirgtajam [dative, masculine, singular], spirgtajiem [dative, masculine, plural], spirgtajai [dative, feminine, singular], spirgtajām [dative, feminine, plural], spirgto [accusative, masculine, singular], spirgtos [accusative, masculine, plural], spirgto [accusative, feminine, singular], spirgtās [accusative, feminine, plural], spirgto [instrumental, masculine, singular], spirgtajiem [instrumental, masculine, plural], spirgto [feminine, instrumental, singular], spirgtajām [feminine, instrumental, plural], spirgtajā [locative, masculine, singular], spirgtajos [locative, masculine, plural], spirgtajā [feminine, locative, singular], spirgtajās [feminine, locative, plural], spirgto [masculine, singular, vocative], spirgtais [masculine, singular, vocative], spirgtie [masculine, plural, vocative], spirgto [feminine, singular, vocative], spirgtā [feminine, singular, vocative], spirgtās [feminine, plural, vocative]
  1. fresh, brisk, lively, sprightly, active
    Sense id: en-spirgts-lv-adj-zl6vxraV Categories (other): Latvian words with level intonation Disambiguation of Latvian words with level intonation: 25 22 25 28
  2. (of plants, their parts) strong, well grown, healthy
    Sense id: en-spirgts-lv-adj-G4~zGIJ9 Categories (other): Latvian words with level intonation Disambiguation of Latvian words with level intonation: 25 22 25 28
  3. fresh, brisk, lively, sprightly, active (such that it expresses such qualities; compatible with, predisposing to, such qualities)
    Sense id: en-spirgts-lv-adj-b8aQG95l Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian words with level intonation, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 15 13 52 20 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 21 9 46 24 Disambiguation of Latvian words with level intonation: 25 22 25 28 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 12 10 65 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 9 8 72 11
  4. fresh (pleasantly cool, so that it causes active, positive physical and mental states) Synonyms (of "fresh, cool"): dzestrs, vēss, svaigs
    Sense id: en-spirgts-lv-adj-XFzMcqfG Categories (other): Latvian words with level intonation Disambiguation of Latvian words with level intonation: 25 22 25 28 Disambiguation of 'of "fresh, cool"': 31 0 26 43
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms (of "active"): aktīvs, kustīgs, darbīgs, rosīgs Synonyms (of "lively"): dzīvs, modrs, možs, mundrs, žirgts Derived forms: spirgtums Related terms: spirgt, spirdzināt
Disambiguation of 'of "active"': 31 0 36 33 Disambiguation of 'of "lively"': 50 1 47 2

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "spirgtums"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sperg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sperg-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Originally the past passive participle of spirgt (“to become fresh, lively”) (q.v.).\nUltimately from Proto-Indo-European *sperg-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spirgtais",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtāks",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "visspirgtākais",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgti",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "small",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgts",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "visspirgtākais",
        "11": "adverb",
        "12": "spirgti",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "definite",
        "6": "spirgtais",
        "7": "comparative",
        "8": "spirgtāks",
        "9": "superlative",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "spirgts (definite spirgtais, comparative spirgtāks, superlative visspirgtākais, adverb spirgti)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spirgt"
      },
      "expansion": "spirgts (definite spirgtais, comparative spirgtāks, superlative visspirgtākais, adverb spirgti)",
      "name": "lv-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "spirgt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "spirdzināt"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 25 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "fresh and healthy",
          "text": "spirgts un vesels",
          "translation": "fresh and healthy",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              30,
              39
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              25,
              33
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the patient feels, looks livelier",
          "text": "slimnieks jau jūtas, izskatsā spirgtāks",
          "translation": "the patient feels, looks livelier",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              40,
              48
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              32,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I was seated near the driver, a lively, strong man",
          "text": "man bija ierādīta vieta blakus šoferim, spirgtam, spēcīgam vīram",
          "translation": "I was seated near the driver, a lively, strong man",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              70,
              79
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              72,
              79
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Nestors first washed his hands, face and head and felt immediately much fresher",
          "text": "Nestors papriekš nomazgāja rokas, seju un galvu un jutās uzreiz daudz spirgtāks",
          "translation": "Nestors first washed his hands, face and head and felt immediately much fresher",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              28,
              37
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              43,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "english": "in the mornings Ilze was more cheerful and lively than in other days during her sickness",
          "text": "rītām Ilze bija jautrāka un spirgtāka nekā citām dienām savas vājības laikā",
          "translation": "in the mornings Ilze was more cheerful and lively than in other days during her sickness",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fresh, brisk, lively, sprightly, active"
      ],
      "id": "en-spirgts-lv-adj-zl6vxraV",
      "links": [
        [
          "fresh",
          "fresh"
        ],
        [
          "brisk",
          "brisk"
        ],
        [
          "lively",
          "lively"
        ],
        [
          "sprightly",
          "sprightly"
        ],
        [
          "active",
          "active"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 25 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              66,
              73
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              89,
              95
            ],
            [
              97,
              104
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the flowers had flattened like pieces of cloth... only one single little plant was still strong, healthy",
          "text": "ziedi saplakuši kā lupatiņas... tikai viens vienīgais stādiņš vēl spirgts",
          "translation": "the flowers had flattened like pieces of cloth... only one single little plant was still strong, healthy",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, well grown, healthy"
      ],
      "id": "en-spirgts-lv-adj-G4~zGIJ9",
      "links": [
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ],
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "well",
          "well"
        ],
        [
          "grow",
          "grow"
        ],
        [
          "healthy",
          "healthy"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "their parts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of plants, their parts) strong, well grown, healthy"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of plants"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 52 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 9 46 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 25 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 10 65 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 8 72 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              8
            ],
            [
              10,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "english": "a lively, brisk human appearance",
          "text": "spirgts cilvēku izskats",
          "translation": "a lively, brisk human appearance",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ],
            [
              8,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "lively, brisk mood",
          "text": "spirgts garastāvoklis",
          "translation": "lively, brisk mood",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              19,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He saw Līze's lively, rosy face",
          "text": "viņš redzēja Līzes spirgto, sārto seju",
          "translation": "He saw Līze's lively, rosy face",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              44,
              53
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              69,
              75
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the old Gatviņš no longer walked behind the plow with such cheerful, lively stems as (he) once (did)",
          "text": "vecais Gatviņš vairs nestaigā tik jautriem, spirgtiem soļiem arklam pakaļ kā citreiz",
          "translation": "the old Gatviņš no longer walked behind the plow with such cheerful, lively stems as (he) once (did)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              21
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              19
            ],
            [
              21,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "english": "in autumn the fresh, lively school life blossoms",
          "text": "rudenī raisās spirgtā skolas dzīve",
          "translation": "in autumn the fresh, lively school life blossoms",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              38,
              45
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              35,
              40
            ]
          ],
          "english": "extreme interest in poetry, art, a fresh, natural, unblunted perception",
          "text": "ārkārtīga interese par dzeju, mākslu, spirgta, dabiska nenotrulināta uztvere",
          "translation": "extreme interest in poetry, art, a fresh, natural, unblunted perception",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              45,
              51
            ],
            [
              52,
              57
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the green(ness) of the birch tree (is) still lively/fresh and bright",
          "text": "bērzu zaļums vēl spirgts un spilgts",
          "translation": "the green(ness) of the birch tree (is) still lively/fresh and bright",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fresh, brisk, lively, sprightly, active (such that it expresses such qualities; compatible with, predisposing to, such qualities)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spirgts-lv-adj-b8aQG95l",
      "links": [
        [
          "fresh",
          "fresh"
        ],
        [
          "brisk",
          "brisk"
        ],
        [
          "lively",
          "lively"
        ],
        [
          "sprightly",
          "sprightly"
        ],
        [
          "active",
          "active"
        ],
        [
          "express",
          "express#English"
        ],
        [
          "qualities",
          "quality#English"
        ],
        [
          "compatible",
          "compatible#English"
        ],
        [
          "predisposing",
          "predispose#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 22 25 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              22,
              28
            ]
          ],
          "english": "he inhaled deeply the lively spring night air",
          "text": "viņš dziļi ieelpo spirgto pavasara nakts gaisu",
          "translation": "he inhaled deeply the lively spring night air",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "when the fresh morning wind increased, then Līzīte came back to life",
          "text": "kad cēlās spirgts rīta vējš, tad Līzīte kā atdzīvojās",
          "translation": "when the fresh morning wind increased, then Līzīte came back to life",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "english": "(there) is a fresh morning hour, when the July sun has not yet managed to warm up Rīga",
          "text": "ir spirgta rīta stunda, kad jūlija saule vēl nav paspējusi piekarsēt Rīgu",
          "translation": "(there) is a fresh morning hour, when the July sun has not yet managed to warm up Rīga",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fresh (pleasantly cool, so that it causes active, positive physical and mental states)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spirgts-lv-adj-XFzMcqfG",
      "links": [
        [
          "fresh",
          "fresh"
        ],
        [
          "pleasant",
          "pleasant#English"
        ],
        [
          "cool",
          "cool#English"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause#English"
        ],
        [
          "active",
          "active#English"
        ],
        [
          "positive",
          "positive#English"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical#English"
        ],
        [
          "mental",
          "mental#English"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "31 0 26 43",
          "sense": "of \"fresh, cool\"",
          "word": "dzestrs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 0 26 43",
          "sense": "of \"fresh, cool\"",
          "word": "vēss"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "31 0 26 43",
          "sense": "of \"fresh, cool\"",
          "word": "svaigs"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[spīɾkts]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "50 1 47 2",
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "dzīvs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "50 1 47 2",
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "modrs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "50 1 47 2",
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "možs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "50 1 47 2",
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "mundrs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "50 1 47 2",
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "žirgts"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 0 36 33",
      "sense": "of \"active\"",
      "word": "aktīvs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 0 36 33",
      "sense": "of \"active\"",
      "word": "kustīgs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 0 36 33",
      "sense": "of \"active\"",
      "word": "darbīgs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "31 0 36 33",
      "sense": "of \"active\"",
      "word": "rosīgs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spirgts"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian adjectives",
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian words with level intonation",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "spirgtums"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sperg-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sperg-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Originally the past passive participle of spirgt (“to become fresh, lively”) (q.v.).\nUltimately from Proto-Indo-European *sperg-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spirgtais",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtāks",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "visspirgtākais",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgti",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "small",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgts",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgti",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtajās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spirgtās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "visspirgtākais",
        "11": "adverb",
        "12": "spirgti",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "definite",
        "6": "spirgtais",
        "7": "comparative",
        "8": "spirgtāks",
        "9": "superlative",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "spirgts (definite spirgtais, comparative spirgtāks, superlative visspirgtākais, adverb spirgti)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spirgt"
      },
      "expansion": "spirgts (definite spirgtais, comparative spirgtāks, superlative visspirgtākais, adverb spirgti)",
      "name": "lv-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "spirgt"
    },
    {
      "word": "spirdzināt"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "fresh and healthy",
          "text": "spirgts un vesels",
          "translation": "fresh and healthy",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              30,
              39
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              25,
              33
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the patient feels, looks livelier",
          "text": "slimnieks jau jūtas, izskatsā spirgtāks",
          "translation": "the patient feels, looks livelier",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              40,
              48
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              32,
              38
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I was seated near the driver, a lively, strong man",
          "text": "man bija ierādīta vieta blakus šoferim, spirgtam, spēcīgam vīram",
          "translation": "I was seated near the driver, a lively, strong man",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              70,
              79
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              72,
              79
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Nestors first washed his hands, face and head and felt immediately much fresher",
          "text": "Nestors papriekš nomazgāja rokas, seju un galvu un jutās uzreiz daudz spirgtāks",
          "translation": "Nestors first washed his hands, face and head and felt immediately much fresher",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              28,
              37
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              43,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "english": "in the mornings Ilze was more cheerful and lively than in other days during her sickness",
          "text": "rītām Ilze bija jautrāka un spirgtāka nekā citām dienām savas vājības laikā",
          "translation": "in the mornings Ilze was more cheerful and lively than in other days during her sickness",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fresh, brisk, lively, sprightly, active"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fresh",
          "fresh"
        ],
        [
          "brisk",
          "brisk"
        ],
        [
          "lively",
          "lively"
        ],
        [
          "sprightly",
          "sprightly"
        ],
        [
          "active",
          "active"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              66,
              73
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              89,
              95
            ],
            [
              97,
              104
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the flowers had flattened like pieces of cloth... only one single little plant was still strong, healthy",
          "text": "ziedi saplakuši kā lupatiņas... tikai viens vienīgais stādiņš vēl spirgts",
          "translation": "the flowers had flattened like pieces of cloth... only one single little plant was still strong, healthy",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strong, well grown, healthy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "plant",
          "plant"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ],
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ],
        [
          "well",
          "well"
        ],
        [
          "grow",
          "grow"
        ],
        [
          "healthy",
          "healthy"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "their parts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(of plants, their parts) strong, well grown, healthy"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of plants"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              8
            ],
            [
              10,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "english": "a lively, brisk human appearance",
          "text": "spirgts cilvēku izskats",
          "translation": "a lively, brisk human appearance",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              7
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ],
            [
              8,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "lively, brisk mood",
          "text": "spirgts garastāvoklis",
          "translation": "lively, brisk mood",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              19,
              26
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He saw Līze's lively, rosy face",
          "text": "viņš redzēja Līzes spirgto, sārto seju",
          "translation": "He saw Līze's lively, rosy face",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              44,
              53
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              69,
              75
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the old Gatviņš no longer walked behind the plow with such cheerful, lively stems as (he) once (did)",
          "text": "vecais Gatviņš vairs nestaigā tik jautriem, spirgtiem soļiem arklam pakaļ kā citreiz",
          "translation": "the old Gatviņš no longer walked behind the plow with such cheerful, lively stems as (he) once (did)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              21
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              19
            ],
            [
              21,
              27
            ]
          ],
          "english": "in autumn the fresh, lively school life blossoms",
          "text": "rudenī raisās spirgtā skolas dzīve",
          "translation": "in autumn the fresh, lively school life blossoms",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              38,
              45
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              35,
              40
            ]
          ],
          "english": "extreme interest in poetry, art, a fresh, natural, unblunted perception",
          "text": "ārkārtīga interese par dzeju, mākslu, spirgta, dabiska nenotrulināta uztvere",
          "translation": "extreme interest in poetry, art, a fresh, natural, unblunted perception",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              24
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              45,
              51
            ],
            [
              52,
              57
            ]
          ],
          "english": "the green(ness) of the birch tree (is) still lively/fresh and bright",
          "text": "bērzu zaļums vēl spirgts un spilgts",
          "translation": "the green(ness) of the birch tree (is) still lively/fresh and bright",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fresh, brisk, lively, sprightly, active (such that it expresses such qualities; compatible with, predisposing to, such qualities)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fresh",
          "fresh"
        ],
        [
          "brisk",
          "brisk"
        ],
        [
          "lively",
          "lively"
        ],
        [
          "sprightly",
          "sprightly"
        ],
        [
          "active",
          "active"
        ],
        [
          "express",
          "express#English"
        ],
        [
          "qualities",
          "quality#English"
        ],
        [
          "compatible",
          "compatible#English"
        ],
        [
          "predisposing",
          "predispose#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              18,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              22,
              28
            ]
          ],
          "english": "he inhaled deeply the lively spring night air",
          "text": "viņš dziļi ieelpo spirgto pavasara nakts gaisu",
          "translation": "he inhaled deeply the lively spring night air",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "when the fresh morning wind increased, then Līzīte came back to life",
          "text": "kad cēlās spirgts rīta vējš, tad Līzīte kā atdzīvojās",
          "translation": "when the fresh morning wind increased, then Līzīte came back to life",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "english": "(there) is a fresh morning hour, when the July sun has not yet managed to warm up Rīga",
          "text": "ir spirgta rīta stunda, kad jūlija saule vēl nav paspējusi piekarsēt Rīgu",
          "translation": "(there) is a fresh morning hour, when the July sun has not yet managed to warm up Rīga",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fresh (pleasantly cool, so that it causes active, positive physical and mental states)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fresh",
          "fresh"
        ],
        [
          "pleasant",
          "pleasant#English"
        ],
        [
          "cool",
          "cool#English"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause#English"
        ],
        [
          "active",
          "active#English"
        ],
        [
          "positive",
          "positive#English"
        ],
        [
          "physical",
          "physical#English"
        ],
        [
          "mental",
          "mental#English"
        ],
        [
          "state",
          "state#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[spīɾkts]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "dzīvs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "modrs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "možs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "mundrs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"lively\"",
      "word": "žirgts"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"active\"",
      "word": "aktīvs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"active\"",
      "word": "kustīgs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"active\"",
      "word": "darbīgs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"active\"",
      "word": "rosīgs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"fresh, cool\"",
      "word": "dzestrs"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"fresh, cool\"",
      "word": "vēss"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"fresh, cool\"",
      "word": "svaigs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spirgts"
}

Download raw JSONL data for spirgts meaning in All languages combined (14.0kB)

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  "section": "Latvian",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "spirgts",
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  "subsection": "adjective",
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.